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It supplies power according to intervals defined in advance, for example from 18:00 to 22:00 or from 22:00 until midnight.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>During Shabbat, electrical switching cannot occur once the ritual interval begins. A television left on before sunset may run for the entire day. A bedroom light may remain illuminated through the night. A room may fall into darkness while someone is reading, without the possibility of restoring light. Any miscalculation persists until the programmed cycle ends.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>To prevent this, lights, hot plates, heaters, or ventilation must be scheduled before sunset. A reading lamp may be set to turn off at 22:30. A bedroom light may activate briefly at dawn. A hot plate may remain powered overnight. Multiple timers are distributed across rooms, composing a coordinated temporal arrangement. Each device operates within a fixed window; together they organise the rhythm of the household.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The plug-in timer reconfigures the relationship between inhabitants and their devices. Electricity is no longer assumed as continuously available; it becomes temporally allocated. Activities align with predefined intervals: reading relies on anticipated light; warmth relies on pre-authorised heat; gathering unfolds in spaces prepared beforehand. The home becomes a field of scheduled possibilities rather than instant 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KosherSwitch is a wall-mounted light switch designed to comply with Shabbat regulations while preserving the appearance and placement of a conventional switch. It remains a debated artefact within contemporary Jewish practice.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Instead of completing the circuit when pressed, the switch operates through grama, a principle of indirect causation. The device emits periodic electrical pulses. When the user presses the switch, the circuit does not close instantly. It becomes eligible for activation during one of the subsequent pulses. If a pulse registers the closed state, the light turns on. The response may occur several seconds later.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In practice, a person entering a dark hallway presses the switch and waits. Illumination does not coincide with the moment of touch. The gesture and its effect unfold on different temporal layers. The outcome depends on the device’s internal cycle rather than direct command.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The KosherSwitch reconfigures the relation between action and consequence. Pressing influences the system, yet it does not determine the precise moment of activation. Control persists, but its temporal alignment with effect loosens. The device introduces temporal ambiguity into the architecture of switching, reshaping how agency is experienced within the ritual 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KosherLamp is a table or bedside lamp designed for use during Shabbat. Unlike conventional lamps, it is not switched on or off during the ritual interval. The light source remains continuously powered.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Within Jewish practice, processes set in motion before Shabbat may persist, provided they are not directly modified once the interval begins. The KosherLamp materialises this principle. Electrical continuity is established before the boundary and remains untouched throughout it.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The device incorporates a movable internal shield or rotating cover that allows illumination to be concealed or revealed without interrupting the circuit. A bedside lamp may be partially closed before sleep or reopened for reading, yet the underlying current remains uninterrupted. What changes is not the electrical state of the device, but the spatial relation between the light source and the room.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In a conventional home, darkness results from cutting power. Here, it results from concealment. Intervention no longer targets the circuit but the enclosure. Switching gives way to calibrated adjustment while activation remains 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Shabbat kettle is an electric water vessel designed to remain heated throughout Shabbat. It is powered before the ritual interval and maintains water at a stable temperature without triggering new heating cycles during use.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In Jewish law, “cooking” is associated with reaching a defined heat threshold (often estimated around 45–60°C). Shabbat kettles are therefore engineered to stabilise water above that threshold before Shabbat begins and to prevent reactivation of the heating element once the period has started. Thermal regulation becomes a way of materialising a legal distinction between maintaining and initiating change.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Hot water for tea, coffee, or food preparation is drawn from an already established state. After returning from synagogue or during extended meals with guests, warm drinks remain available without new electrical action.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The kettle turns temperature into a designed boundary. Engineering decisions about thermostats, insulation, and continuity translate ritual constraint into domestic infrastructure.\u003C/p>",[],[],[],[],{"id":81,"type":19,"isHidden":73,"content":388},{"title":44,"text":44,"url":44,"caption":44,"credits":44,"images":389,"image":390,"toggle_gap_left":44,"toggle_is_large":44,"toggle_is_full":44,"toggle_ratio_1_1":44,"is_style_list":73,"profiles_list":409,"pages_liste":410,"video_file":411},[],{"alt":11,"tiny":391,"small":395,"reg":399,"large":403,"xxl":406,"focus":44},{"extension":86,"filename":293,"height":88,"id":392,"mime":90,"niceSize":393,"template":92,"type":19,"url":394,"width":21},"objets/shabbat-kettle/tms-contenus-50x-q10.jpg","959 B","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-kettle/20ffd56d3f-1772641562/tms-contenus-50x-q10.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":299,"height":96,"id":396,"mime":90,"niceSize":397,"template":92,"type":19,"url":398,"width":28},"objets/shabbat-kettle/tms-contenus-500x.jpg","83.77 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-kettle/20ffd56d3f-1772641562/tms-contenus-500x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":305,"height":102,"id":400,"mime":90,"niceSize":401,"template":92,"type":19,"url":402,"width":106},"objets/shabbat-kettle/tms-contenus-1280x.jpg","306.21 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-kettle/20ffd56d3f-1772641562/tms-contenus-1280x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":312,"height":102,"id":404,"mime":90,"niceSize":401,"template":92,"type":19,"url":405,"width":106},"objets/shabbat-kettle/tms-contenus-1920x.jpg","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-kettle/20ffd56d3f-1772641562/tms-contenus-1920x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":316,"height":102,"id":407,"mime":90,"niceSize":401,"template":92,"type":19,"url":408,"width":106},"objets/shabbat-kettle/tms-contenus-2500x.jpg","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-kettle/20ffd56d3f-1772641562/tms-contenus-2500x.jpg",[],[],[],{"title":413,"slug":414,"baseline":415,"cover_back":416,"cover_front":446,"content":471},"Shabbat-Mode Refrigerator","shabbat-mode-refrigerator","Time becomes a design material when technologies do more than indicate moments and begin structuring how moments relate to one 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Shabbat-mode refrigerator is a standard cooling appliance equipped with a setting that alters its electrical behaviour during Shabbat.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>In conventional operation, opening the door activates \u003Cbr>interior lights, sensors, alarms, and may influence compressor activity. The appliance is designed around immediate feedback between gesture and \u003Cbr>system response.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Before manufacturer-supported Shabbat modes became widespread, users improvised. Light switches were taped over. Bulbs were removed. As one participant recalled, “We used to remove the light bulb. Today, with new refrigerators, that’s no longer possible”. These manual interventions physically interrupted the causal chain between door opening and electrical activation.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Shabbat Mode formalizes this workaround. Interior lights remain off. Sensors and alarms are disabled. Cooling cycles proceed independently of door openings, often on fixed or delayed intervals. Certification bodies such as Star-K collaborate with manufacturers to ensure that opening the door does not directly trigger electrical change.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>An engineer described this configuration as making the refrigerator behave “like a 1950s model.” The reference is not nostalgic but temporal: the appliance operates without smart sensors or real-time responsiveness. Its internal processes follow their own cycle rather than reacting to the user.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Opening the door remains physically possible, yet it no longer produces an immediate electrical response. The system continues running, but without coupling gesture to consequence.\u003C/p>",[],[],[],[],{"id":81,"type":19,"isHidden":73,"content":480},{"title":44,"text":44,"url":44,"caption":44,"credits":44,"images":481,"image":482,"toggle_gap_left":44,"toggle_is_large":44,"toggle_is_full":44,"toggle_ratio_1_1":44,"is_style_list":73,"profiles_list":511,"pages_liste":512,"video_file":513},[],{"alt":11,"tiny":483,"small":489,"reg":495,"large":501,"xxl":507,"focus":44},{"extension":86,"filename":484,"height":485,"id":486,"mime":90,"niceSize":487,"template":92,"type":19,"url":488,"width":21},"tms-refrigerator-50x-q10.jpg",28,"objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/tms-refrigerator-50x-q10.jpg","836 B","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/3195817f31-1772719436/tms-refrigerator-50x-q10.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":490,"height":491,"id":492,"mime":90,"niceSize":493,"template":92,"type":19,"url":494,"width":28},"tms-refrigerator-500x.jpg",282,"objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/tms-refrigerator-500x.jpg","25.04 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/3195817f31-1772719436/tms-refrigerator-500x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":496,"height":497,"id":498,"mime":90,"niceSize":499,"template":92,"type":19,"url":500,"width":204},"tms-refrigerator-1280x.jpg",721,"objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/tms-refrigerator-1280x.jpg","118.37 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/3195817f31-1772719436/tms-refrigerator-1280x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":502,"height":503,"id":504,"mime":90,"niceSize":505,"template":92,"type":19,"url":506,"width":102},"tms-refrigerator-1920x.jpg",901,"objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/tms-refrigerator-1920x.jpg","143.67 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/3195817f31-1772719436/tms-refrigerator-1920x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":508,"height":503,"id":509,"mime":90,"niceSize":505,"template":92,"type":19,"url":510,"width":102},"tms-refrigerator-2500x.jpg","objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/tms-refrigerator-2500x.jpg","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/shabbat-mode-refrigerator/3195817f31-1772719436/tms-refrigerator-2500x.jpg",[],[],[],{"id":515,"type":72,"isHidden":73,"content":516},"8c01f0bb-5100-4ed2-85c2-f0d2cdd7f557",{"title":44,"text":517,"url":44,"caption":44,"credits":44,"images":518,"image":11,"toggle_gap_left":44,"toggle_is_large":44,"toggle_is_full":44,"toggle_ratio_1_1":44,"is_style_list":73,"profiles_list":519,"pages_liste":520,"video_file":521},"\u003Cp>Within the home, such arrangements are learned through repetition. Evening routines form. Periods of rest are anticipated. Certain actions are postponed, others are brought forward. Time is not merely measured. It is shaped through material arrangements that sustain durations, mark transitions, and regulate intervention.\u003C/p>\u003Ch3>Design gives form to timescapes.\u003C/h3>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A bell signals a beginning.\u003C/p>\u003C/li>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A timer holds a duration.\u003C/p>\u003C/li>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A switch interrupts or restores continuity.\u003C/p>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>Through these mechanisms, design determines when action is possible and when it is withheld. Agency is distributed across time rather than concentrated in a single moment. Some actions require immediate response, while others are displaced into preparation, waiting, or automatic unfolding.\u003C/p>\u003Ch3>Design does not merely operate in time. It organises temporal conduct.\u003C/h3>\u003Cp>In many contemporary consumer technologies, this organisation stabilises a particular timescape. One in which action remains continuously available, interruption is expected, and control is exercised through frequent checking and adjustment. Time is broken into short cycles of response. Continuity is maintained through repeated intervention rather than sustained absence.\u003C/p>\u003Ch3>This is not the only timescape design can sustain.\u003C/h3>\u003Cp>Approaching design through timescapes makes visible how objects and systems structure temporal relations: when anticipation is required, when waiting is imposed, when responsibility is exercised in advance, and when action is deliberately withdrawn. Time appears not as a neutral background, but as a condition actively shaped by material design.\u003Cbr>If acceleration dominates contemporary temporal regimes, restriction becomes an alternative way of designing time.\u003C/p>",[],[],[],[],{"title":523,"slug":524,"baseline":525,"cover_back":526,"cover_front":556,"content":581},"Shabbat Elevator","elevator","Pre-programmed automatic lift",{"alt":11,"tiny":527,"small":533,"reg":539,"large":545,"xxl":552,"focus":44},{"extension":13,"filename":528,"height":529,"id":530,"mime":17,"niceSize":531,"template":19,"type":19,"url":532,"width":21},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-50x-q10.png",119,"objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-50x-q10.png","6.56 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/461a8cfc83-1772723524/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-50x-q10.png",{"extension":13,"filename":534,"height":535,"id":536,"mime":17,"niceSize":537,"template":19,"type":19,"url":538,"width":28},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-500x.png",1193,"objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-500x.png","390.51 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/461a8cfc83-1772723524/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-500x.png",{"extension":13,"filename":540,"height":541,"id":542,"mime":17,"niceSize":543,"template":19,"type":19,"url":544,"width":204},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1280x.png",3053,"objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1280x.png","2.37 MB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/461a8cfc83-1772723524/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1280x.png",{"extension":13,"filename":546,"height":547,"id":548,"mime":17,"niceSize":549,"template":19,"type":19,"url":550,"width":551},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1920x.png",3144,"objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1920x.png","2.87 MB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/461a8cfc83-1772723524/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-1920x.png",1318,{"extension":13,"filename":553,"height":547,"id":554,"mime":17,"niceSize":549,"template":19,"type":19,"url":555,"width":551},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-2500x.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-2500x.png","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/461a8cfc83-1772723524/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-4-2500x.png",{"alt":11,"tiny":557,"small":562,"reg":567,"large":572,"xxl":577,"focus":44},{"extension":13,"filename":558,"height":529,"id":559,"mime":17,"niceSize":560,"template":19,"type":19,"url":561,"width":21},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-50x-q10.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-50x-q10.png","4.86 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/19021b1f48-1772723518/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-50x-q10.png",{"extension":13,"filename":563,"height":535,"id":564,"mime":17,"niceSize":565,"template":19,"type":19,"url":566,"width":28},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-500x.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-500x.png","214.99 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/19021b1f48-1772723518/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-500x.png",{"extension":13,"filename":568,"height":541,"id":569,"mime":17,"niceSize":570,"template":19,"type":19,"url":571,"width":204},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1280x.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1280x.png","1.3 MB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/19021b1f48-1772723518/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1280x.png",{"extension":13,"filename":573,"height":547,"id":574,"mime":17,"niceSize":575,"template":19,"type":19,"url":576,"width":551},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1920x.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1920x.png","1.53 MB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/19021b1f48-1772723518/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-1920x.png",{"extension":13,"filename":578,"height":547,"id":579,"mime":17,"niceSize":575,"template":19,"type":19,"url":580,"width":551},"objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-2500x.png","objets/elevator/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-2500x.png","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/19021b1f48-1772723518/objet-tms-web_shabbat-elevator-3-2500x.png",[582,589],{"id":71,"type":72,"isHidden":73,"content":583},{"title":44,"text":584,"url":44,"caption":44,"credits":44,"images":585,"image":11,"toggle_gap_left":44,"toggle_is_large":44,"toggle_is_full":44,"toggle_ratio_1_1":44,"is_style_list":73,"profiles_list":586,"pages_liste":587,"video_file":588},"\u003Cp>The Shabbat elevator is a standard building lift configured to operate automatically during Shabbat. Instead of being summoned, it follows a continuous program, ascending and descending and stopping at every floor in sequence.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Because direct electrical activation is suspended during the ritual interval, passengers do not initiate movement. The cabin opens its doors at each level regardless of demand. Residents enter and exit when their floor arrives, adapting to the cycle rather than commanding it.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>This system enables daily Shabbat practices within multi-storey buildings. Elderly residents can descend to attend synagogue. Families can visit relatives for shared meals and return home without \u003Cbr>pressing buttons. Movement remains possible, yet it unfolds within a \u003Cbr>predetermined rhythm.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Interaction shifts from instantaneous request to cyclical participation. Waiting becomes part of the structure. The building’s vertical circulation extends the domestic temporal condition beyond the apartment, organising movement through recurrence rather than demand.\u003C/p>",[],[],[],[],{"id":81,"type":19,"isHidden":73,"content":590},{"title":44,"text":44,"url":44,"caption":44,"credits":44,"images":591,"image":592,"toggle_gap_left":44,"toggle_is_large":44,"toggle_is_full":44,"toggle_ratio_1_1":44,"is_style_list":73,"profiles_list":614,"pages_liste":615,"video_file":616},[],{"alt":11,"tiny":593,"small":597,"reg":602,"large":608,"xxl":611,"focus":44},{"extension":86,"filename":293,"height":188,"id":594,"mime":90,"niceSize":595,"template":92,"type":19,"url":596,"width":21},"objets/elevator/tms-contenus-50x-q10.jpg","820 B","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/77027b231a-1772641541/tms-contenus-50x-q10.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":299,"height":598,"id":599,"mime":90,"niceSize":600,"template":92,"type":19,"url":601,"width":28},375,"objets/elevator/tms-contenus-500x.jpg","34.74 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/77027b231a-1772641541/tms-contenus-500x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":305,"height":603,"id":604,"mime":90,"niceSize":605,"template":92,"type":19,"url":606,"width":607},768,"objets/elevator/tms-contenus-1280x.jpg","105.47 KB","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/77027b231a-1772641541/tms-contenus-1280x.jpg",1024,{"extension":86,"filename":312,"height":603,"id":609,"mime":90,"niceSize":605,"template":92,"type":19,"url":610,"width":607},"objets/elevator/tms-contenus-1920x.jpg","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/77027b231a-1772641541/tms-contenus-1920x.jpg",{"extension":86,"filename":316,"height":603,"id":612,"mime":90,"niceSize":605,"template":92,"type":19,"url":613,"width":607},"objets/elevator/tms-contenus-2500x.jpg","https://cms.timescape-switches.ch/media/pages/objets/elevator/77027b231a-1772641541/tms-contenus-2500x.jpg",[],[],[],"ok",1772735755115]